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The first is a Merkel cell, which functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch.

Two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale. As new cells are formed, the existing cells are pushed superficially away from the stratum basale. All of the keratinocytes are produced from this single layer of cells, which are constantly going through mitosis to produce new cells. A basal cell is a cuboidal-shaped stem cell that is a precursor of the keratinocytes of the epidermis. The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells. Figure 5.5 Layers of the Epidermis The epidermis of thick skin has five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.